Eng:ScratchJr

ScratchJr is a mobile application released on July 30, 2014 for the iPad. It is developed by Tufts University, with grants from the National Science Foundation, to allow young kids (the target is age 5 to age 7) to easily learn programming with a system based on Scratch. The goal of ScratchJr is to "develop and study the next generation of innovative technologies and curricular materials to support integrated STEM learning in early childhood education." A version for iPads and Android tablets is currently available.

Funding
Scratch Jr had to reach their $25,000 minimum in order to maintain a sufficient balance and release the project. Scratch Jr even surpassed that goal, obtaining $64,332 as of April 19, 2014. Thanks to the generosity that the program has received, they decided to set up two stretch rewards. The first stretch reward is for $60,000, and if reached, an Android version of Scratch Jr is planned to be released. The second stretch reward is for $80,000, and if reached, the Scratch Jr team will develop resources for both parents and teachers.

Development Team
ScratchJr is led by:
 * Prof. Marina Umaschi Bers (Tufts University)
 * Prof. Mitch Resnick (Lifelong Kindergarten Group at MIT)
 * DevTech Reasearch Group (Tufts University)

The software is also designed by:
 * Lifelong Kindergarten Group at MIT
 * Playful Invention Company
 * Louise Flannery
 * Elizabeth Kazakoff
 * Paula Bontá
 * Brian Silverman

The graphical art is done by:
 * Jillian Lombardi
 * Peter Mueller

Desired Learning Results
ScratchJr is highly focused on educating young children and providing them the capability to communicate technologically in the modern world. The ScratchJr team desired the following knowledge outcomes in young educators:
 * For children to gain a better understanding of mathematics and literacy.
 * For children to become familiar with classifications of various computer software and mathematical components and to build foundational knowledge structures across domains.
 * For children to become better problem-solvers and thinkers, as well as gain a better understanding of science and software development.

Characters
Like Scratch, ScratchJr has their own set of characters.

Scratch Cat Jr
Scratch Cat Jr is a modification of Scratch Cat and was made to look appeal to kids. He has sleeker skin with a less stocky pose.

Tic, Tac, Toc
Tic, Tac, and Toc is a set of characters similar to the idea of Gobo's Friends. Their names are T and c with one of the 3 vowels, i, a, o, between.

Tic is a human-like blue creature with a yellow spot on belly. Tac is a "kawaii" purple creature with a tutu and rainbow cream drop on head. Toc is an octopus-like reddish creature with a spring on its head.

Application
ScratchJr has many noticeable similarities to Scratch but many different features, too, at the same time. The program is optimized for mobile devices as opposed to Scratch which is built for computers. One example of mobile-optimization is the built-in number input keyboard when entering a number parameter into a block.

Blocks
Blocks, instead of stacking top-to-bottom stack left-to-right in Scratch Jr. They have more similar dimensions in width and height unlike Scratch's blocks. Looping blocks such as "repeat" loop above and over the blocks placed within the loop. There are six total categories of blocks, the majority of them being present in Scratch. Scratch contains a larger variety of blocks as well as better control flow and usage of variables and mathematics. It is likely new blocks will be released with further versions of ScratchJr.

Broadcasts
Scratch Jr can only have a limited number of broadcasts, up to six in each page. Instead of a message being identified by text, each broadcast block contains a letter indicating a color associated with its specific message. The "send broadcast" block contains a closed message and the "receive" contains an open message. The visualization of event-based programming is an easy way for little children to understand the importance of events.

Grid System
ScratchJr's stage is broken into a grid that is 20 x 15 squares in size, unlike Scratch's stage, which uses regular pixels that are not broken into a grid, and has a resolution of 480 x 360. Therefore, moving right by the value of "1" moves a sprite by one grid square to the right instead of one pixel.

Pages
Pages are "scenes" which hold their own sprites, background and broadcasts. There can be up to 4 pages per project. Pages are to represent the project as a "book" to children.