From Test-Scratch-Wiki
(Redirected from Tur:Özel Bloklar)
özel blok ' i tanımlaözel blok ' i tanımla
My Blocks (known as More Blocks in Scratch 2.0) is one of the ten categories of Scratch blocks. It holds procedures for the selected sprite. They are color-coded pink. Before any blocks are created, it is empty, except for a "Make a Block" button.
Clicking Make a Block brings up a dialogue allowing the user to make a procedure. Once OK is pressed, the new block appears in the palette and an empty definition appears in the code area. When the procedure runs, Scratch will run the blocks below the corresponding Define block.
Uses of My Blocks
Apart from variables, procedures are the main kind of abstraction used in procedural programming; they let Scratchers write scripts without knowing or thinking about the details of what each script does. This is also true of Scratch's built-in blocks, like move () steps. For example, suppose one wants a sprite to vanish and reappear. To vanish, the sprite should play a sound and repeatedly increase the ghost effect; to reappear, it should repeatedly decrease the ghost effect. This should happen at several points in the project. Without procedures, the Scratcher would have to duplicate the same sequence of blocks at each point, but by making "vanish" and "appear" blocks, they can write scripts in a way which matches how they think of them:
. . . (2) saniye boyunca [Hımm...] diye düşün yok ol :: custom . . . ortaya çık :: custom (At v) sesini bitene kadar çal . . . yok ol ' i tanımla (Dalgalanma v) sesini başlat (10) defa tekrarla [hayalet v] etkisini (10) değiştir end ortaya çık ' i tanımla (10) defa tekrarla [hayalet v] etkisini (-10) değiştir end
and it is often added in projects using pen:
yeşil bayrak tıklandığında kalemi kaldır x: (0) y: (0) konumuna git çiz :: custom çiz ' i tanımla tümünü sil kalemi bastır sürekli tekrarla _ derece sağa dön (1) adım git end
Now, if the user changes their mind about how the sprite should vanish or appear, they need only change the block definitions.
Custom blocks also help by reducing project file size and allowing the user to disable screen refresh. Number, String, and Boolean inputs can be added to custom blocks. For example, a Scratcher could make a jump () :: custom block with a "height" input, and (height :: custom-arg) will appear in the Define block. These blocks can be dragged out and used in the definition just like variables.
If a user has a long string of code they know they will be using a lot, it makes sense to use a custom block. That way, the user doesn't have to repeat making that code multiple times, and this reduces lag as there are now less blocks.
Run without screen refresh
Using custom blocks is the only way to run scripts without screen refresh. Screen refresh is the very minuscule wait which occurs at the end of each iteration of a loop block or when a block which waits is used. The Make a Block dialog offers to disable screen refresh (by default it is enabled.) This can make it less obvious what is happening but is useful if one wants to make changes without the user seeing the intermediate steps or waiting a long time. For example, if one uses this script:
[i v] ' i [0] yap kalemi bastır (200) defa tekrarla (i) adım git _ derece sağa dön [i v] ' i (1) kadar değiştir end kalemi kaldır
the user may watch the sprite drawing the picture. But if one places it in a custom block with screen refresh disabled, the user will only see the complete picture, and it will finish much sooner. This feature is commonly used in platformers and other games requiring faster computer processing. It is also used to fix timing issues that are caused by built in pauses in the script, which intends to make on screen motion more visible, but it can sometimes get in the way.
History
|
This article or section documents a feature not included in the current version of Scratch (3.0). It is only useful from a historical perspective. |
Scratch 2.0
In Scratch 2.0, My Blocks were called "More Blocks". They were purple-colored. The interface where one created a new block was different.
Development of Scratch 1.0
.PNG)
In Scratch 0.1 and Scratch 0.2, My Blocks were called "scripts" and were located in the "Scripts" block category. The scripts category contained blocks that caused a sprite to take actions as prescribed by the blocks under the corresponding hat block. The scripts category would always be the rightmost in the order listed above the Block Palette.
On creating a new project, the scripts category would initially contain no blocks.
A new block could be added to the scripts category by clicking an arrow in the upper-right corner of the code area, then selecting "new script hat" from the options in the resulting context menu. This would add a block named "script1" (or "script" joined with a different number if there was already a "script1" block) to the scripts category, and a matching hat block to the code area.
A new block would also be added to the scripts category when the user selected "new event hat" from the previously mentioned context menu. The event hat block added to the code area would have a stack block in the scripts category, named for the color of the flag to be detected. A scripts stack block linked to an event hat would tell the sprite that used it to act as it would had the block's flag been waved, in effect waving the block's flag only to the sprite that used the block.
The blocks in the scripts category were specific to the sprite currently selected for the Blocks Palette. In other words, the addition of a block to the scripts category for one sprite would not cause the block to appear for any other sprite.
Once a script would be created, one may right-click the hat block of a script to bring up a context menu, from which additional options can be selected, such as creation of parameters and renaming of the script. The caller block may also be right-clicked, once again bringing up a context menu; this time including options to change the block to one that starts or stops that script, and change it to a "[scriptname] is running" block: a boolean reporter that returns true if the script of the script block it originated from is currently running, and false if not.
Glitches
- Main article: Scratch Bugs
Bunching Blocks Bug
If a custom block with a label saying either %b or %n is placed, then set to a boolean or number/text, it displaces the block and changes it to boolean for %b or number/text for %n.
If a custom block has a label of "%", you will not be able to confirm and press Okay (left). The only options are Cancel and exiting. If the block palette is scrolled up after that, the blocks will be bunched up together (right). This can be fixed by unloading the block palette by leaving the sprite, going to the costumes, sounds or see project page.
Undefined Hat Block bug
- Main article: Undefined Hat Block
The Undefined Hat Block is a block that has been generated by an error. It is the only red Scratch block in Scratch 3.0. It cannot be connected with any other block, as it is classified as a Hat and Cap block. One of the ways it can be generated is by naming a Custom Block a backspace character. Attempting to Comment on this block will cause this block to follow the mouse, going to a different sprite will fix this issue.
Separating Label Text Bug
In the dialog, if you type something (like "hello world") then "%n" , and adding a Boolean input, then the "hello world" will become "hello worl" and another label of "d%n".[1] This bug is caused by % meaning special things in project saves.
Workaround
- Main article: List of Block Workarounds
In most simple cases, custom blocks can be worked around by using broadcasts and variables. However, this would disable screen refresh, or for multiple scripts to use the same procedure at the same time.
yeşil bayrak tıklandığında (zıpla v) haberini sal ve bekle [zıpla v] haberini aldığımda (5) defa tekrarla y konumunu (6) değiştir end (5) defa tekrarla y konumunu (-6) değiştir end
Procedures in Snap!
Snap!, previously called BYOB, is a graphical programming language based on Scratch. Among other things (the most important of which are first-class procedures and first-class lists) Snap! allows making reporters and predicates as well as stack blocks.
Common Suggestions
|
Please expand this article or section. You can help by adding more information if you are an editor. More information might be found in a section of the talk page. |
Many Scratchers would like the ability to make custom reporters and boolean blocks.[2] Additionally, dropdown inputs as arguments have also been requested, to the extent that some people used JSON hacking to insert them into custom blocks (though this does not work in Scratch 3.0.)
References
- ↑ Proof of concept: projects:646607498
- ↑ AonymousGuy. (10/11/2013). "Better Custom Blocks " topic:20661
