From Test-Scratch-Wiki

This article or section documents the current version of Scratch (version 3.0). For this article in Scratch 1.4, see Zho:积木 (1.4).
This zho is about the programming blocks. For account blocks, see Ban.


积木是用来写Scratch程式的代码。每块积木可以像拼图一样跟另一块积木连结，而每一个形状（比如椭圆形、条形、半圆形，等等）只可以放在特定的地方。一串积木可以被称为“程式”。

积木一共有9种类别，它们分别是：运动、外观、声音、事件、控制、侦测、运算、变量和自制积木。除了在Zho:积木选择区显示的积木，还有其他在Zho:拓展程序中的积木。

现在有8个Zho:半圆形积木、5个Zho:半框形积木、34个Zho:椭圆形积木、14个Zho:菱形积木、两个Zho:平底形积木和62个Zho:条形积木，总共有125个积木。（此统计不包含拓展程序中的积木）

积木形状

There are six different block shapes: Hat, Stack, Boolean, Reporter, C and Cap.

半圓形

The shape of a Hat block.
Main article: Hat Block

Hat blocks are the blocks that start every script. They are shaped with a rounded top and a bump at the bottom — this is so you can only place blocks below them. There are 11 Hat blocks, six of which are in the Events category, one in the Control category, and four More hat blocks. Some examples of hat blocks are: 當 @greenflag 被點擊, or 當角色被點擊

條形

The shape of a Stack block.
Main article: Stack Block

Stack blocks are the blocks that perform the main commands. They are shaped with a notch at the top and a bump on the bottom — this is so blocks can be placed above and below them. There are 77 Stack blocks — the most common block shape.

菱形

The shape of a Boolean block.
Main article: Boolean Block

Boolean blocks are the conditions — they are either true or false. It is like asking your friend: "Does 2 + 2 = 4?", and they would either tell you "Yes" or "No". With a hexagonal shape, there are 13 of these blocks.

橢圓形

The shape of a Reporter block.
Main article: Reporter Block

Reporter blocks are the values. Reporter blocks can hold numbers and strings. It is like asking a friend, for example, "What is 2 + 2?", and they would answer "4". It is not just equations however, it can report a variable, for example, "What is your age?". They may answer: "15". Shaped with rounded edges, there are 37 of these blocks — not counting the theoretically infinite amount of Reporter blocks that can be made for each variable and list.

半框形

The shape of one of the C blocks.
Main article: C Block

C blocks are blocks that take the shape of "C's". Also known as "Wrap blocks", these blocks loop the blocks within the Cs or check if a condition is true. There are five C blocks, and they can be found in the Control category. C blocks can be bumped at the bottom, or capped.

平底形

The shape of a Cap block.
Main article: Cap Block

Cap blocks are the blocks that end scripts. They are shaped with a notch at the top and a flat bottom — this is so you cannot place any blocks below them. There are two Cap blocks which can both be found in the Control category.

積木列

There are 145 blocks in Scratch 2.0.

動作積木

Main article: Motion Blocks


Motion blocks are the blocks that control a sprite's movement. There are 17 Motion blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following fourteen Motion Stack blocks:

— Moves the sprite forward the amount of steps in the direction the sprite is facing.

— Turns the sprite (clockwise) the specified amount.

— Turns the sprite (counter-clockwise) the specified amount.

— Points the sprite in the direction.

— Points the sprite towards the mouse-pointer or another sprite.

— Moves the sprite to the specified X and Y position.

— Moves the sprite to the mouse-pointer or another sprite.

— Glides the sprite to the location, taking as long as the specified amount of time.

— Changes the sprite's X position by the amount.

— Sets the sprite's X position to the amount.

— Changes the sprite's Y position by the amount.

— Sets the sprite's Y position to the amount.

— If touching the edge of the screen, the sprite's direction flips over.

Set Rotation Style () — This sets the rotation style of a sprite.

Scratch 2.0 has the following three Motion Reporter blocks:

— The X position of the sprite.

— The Y position of the sprite.

— The direction of the sprite.

外觀積木

Main article: Looks Blocks


Looks blocks are the blocks that control a sprite's look. There are 23 Looks blocks in Scratch 2.0. Three of the 19 sprite Looks blocks have a counterpart for the Stage.

Scratch 2.0 has the following sixteen Looks Stack blocks:

— A speech bubble appears over the sprite and stays for the specified amount of time.

— A speech bubble appears over the sprite and will not go away over time.

— A thought bubble appears over the sprite and stays for the specified amount of time.

— A thought bubble appears over the sprite and will not go away over time.

— Shows the sprite.

— Hides the sprite.

— Changes the sprite's/Stage's costume/backdrop to the specified one.

— Like the Switch to Backdrop () block, though it waits until all of the hat blocks triggered by this have completed. (Stage only)

— Changes the sprite's/Stage's costume/backdrop to the next one in the costume list.

— Changes the specified effect by the amount.

— Sets the specified effect to the amount.

— Clears all graphic effects on the sprite.

— Changes the sprite's size by the amount.

— Sets the sprite's size to the amount.

— Puts a sprite in the front.

— Changes the sprite's layer value by the amount.

Scratch 2.0 has the following three Looks Reporter blocks:

— The number of the sprite/Stage's current costume/backdrop in the list.

— Reports the name of the current backdrop.

— The sprite's size.

音效積木

Main article: Sound Blocks


Sound blocks are the blocks that control sound and MIDI functions. There are 13 Sound blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following eleven Sound Stack blocks:

— Plays a sound without pausing the script.

— Plays a sound and pauses the script until it finishes.

— Stops all playing sounds.

— Plays the specified drum for the amount of beats.

— Pauses the script for the amount of time.

— Plays the note for the amount of beats.

— Sets the instrument to the specified one.

— Changes the volume by the amount.

— Sets the volume to the amount.

— Changes the tempo by the amount.

— Sets the tempo to the amount.

Scratch 2.0 has the following two Sound Reporter blocks:

— The volume.

— The tempo.

畫筆積木

Main article: Pen Blocks


Pen blocks are the blocks that control the pen. There are 11 Pen blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following eleven Pen Stack blocks:

— Removes all pen marks put on the screen.

— Pens the sprite's image on the screen. Can be removed using clear.

— Puts the sprite's pen down.

— Puts the sprite's pen up.

— Sets the pen color to the specified color shown on the picture.

— Changes the pen color by the amount.

— Sets the pen color to the amount.

— Changes the pen shade by the amount.

— Sets the pen shade to the amount.

— Changes the pen size by the amount.

— Sets the pen size to the amount.

The Scratch Day pre-alpha of Scratch 2.0 had the following one new Pen Stack block:

— Pens the sprite's image on the screen at the transparency of the amount in the block. Can be removed using clear. This was made obsolete, because now ghost effect is respected when stamping.

數據積木

變量積木

Main article: Variables Blocks


Variables blocks are the blocks that hold values and strings. There are 5 Variables blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following four Variables Stack blocks:

— Sets the specified variable to the amount.

— Changes the specified variable by the amount.

— Shows the variable's Stage Monitor.

— Hides the variable's Stage Monitor.

Scratch 2.0 has the following Variables Reporter block:

— The variable's value.

清單積木

Main article: List Blocks


List blocks are the blocks that manage lists. They are stored in the Data category. There are 10 List blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following six List Stack blocks:

— Adds an item to the list (the item goes at the bottom of the list of items) with the specified content in it.

— Deletes the item of the list.

— Adds an item to the list (the item goes where you specify in the list of items) with the specified content in it.

— Replaces the item's content with the specified content.

— Shows a list.

— Hides a list.

Scratch 2.0 has the following 3 List Reporter blocks:

— The list's value.

— The item's value.

— How many items there are in the specified list.

Scratch 2.0 has the following List Boolean block:

— The condition for checking if an item's content is the specified text.

事件積木

Main article: Events Blocks


Event blocks are blocks that control events and the triggering of scripts. There are 8 Event blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following six Event Hat Blocks:

— When the flag is clicked, the script activates.

— When the specified key is pressed, the script activates.

— When the sprite is clicked, the script activates.

— When the backdrop switches to the one chosen, the script activates.

— When the first value is greater than the second value, the script activates.

— When the broadcast is received, the script activates.

Scratch 2.0 has the following two Event Stack blocks:

— Sends a broadcast throughout the Scratch program, activating When I Receive () blocks that are set to that broadcast.

— Like the Broadcast () block, but pauses the script until all scripts activated by the broadcast are completed.

控制積木

Main article: Control Blocks


Control blocks are the blocks that control scripts. There are 11 Control blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following one Control Hat block:

— This hat block is triggered whenever a clone is created, and will only be run by that clone.

Scratch 2.0 has the following three Control Stack blocks:

— Pauses the script for the amount of time.

— Pauses the script until the condition is true.

— Creates the specified clone.

Scratch 2.0 has the following five Control C blocks:

— A loop that repeats the specified amount of times.

— A loop that will never end.

— Checks the condition so that if the condition is true, the blocks inside it will activate.

— Checks the condition so that if the condition is true, the blocks inside the first C will activate and if the condition is false, the blocks inside the second C will activate.

— A loop that will stop once the condition is true.

Scratch 2.0 has the following two Control Cap blocks:

— Stops the scripts chosen through the drop-down menu. Can also be a stack block when "other scripts in this sprite" is chosen.

— Deletes a clone.

偵測積木

Main article: Sensing Blocks

Sensing blocks are the blocks that detect things. There are 20 Sensing blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following four Sensing Stack blocks:

— An input box appears — you type the value in and it stores the value in the answer variable.

— Resets the timer.

— Turns the video on.

— Sets the transparency of the video.

Scratch 2.0 has the following five Sensing Boolean blocks:

— The condition for checking if the sprite is touching the mouse-pointer or another sprite.

— The condition for checking if the sprite is touching a specific color.

— The condition for checking if a color on the sprite is touching a specific color.

— The condition for checking if the specified key is being pressed.

— The condition for checking if the mouse is down.

Scratch 2.0 has the following eleven Sensing Reporter blocks:

— The distance from the sprite to the mouse-pointer or another sprite.

— The most recent input with the Ask () And Wait block.

— The mouse-pointer's X position.

— The mouse-pointer's Y position.

— How loud the noise is that the microphone is sensing.

— How much time has passed since the Scratch program was opened or the timer reset.

— The video motion or direction of video motion on an object.

— The X position, Y position, direction, costume, size or volume of the Stage or a sprite.

— The specified time unit selected.

— The number of days since 2000.

— The username of a user.

運算積木

Main article: Operators Blocks


Operators blocks are the blocks that perform math functions and string handling. There are 17 Operators blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following six Operators Boolean blocks:

— The condition for checking if a value is less than the other.

— The condition for checking if two values are equal.

— The condition for checking if a value is greater than the other.

— Joins two conditions.

— Joins two conditions, but they function separately.

— Makes the condition checked if it is false, not true.

Scratch 2.0 has the following eleven Operators Reporter blocks:

— The value of the addition.

— The value of the subtraction.

— The value of the multiplication.

— The value of the division.

— Picks a random number between the two limits.

— The two values put right next to each other.

— The specified character of the value.

— The length of the value.

— The remainder of the division.

— Rounds the value to the nearest whole number.

— The absolute value (abs), square root (sqrt), sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), asine (asin), acosine (acos), atangent (atan), natural logarithm (ln), logarithm (log), exponential function (e^), or base 10 exponential function (10^) of a specified value.

Right clicking some of the blocks will yield more choices of its type.

更多積木

Main article: More Blocks

More blocks are user-made custom blocks. There are 2 unique kinds of More blocks in Scratch 2.0.

Scratch 2.0 has the following More Modified Hat block:

— Defines a custom block.

Scratch 2.0 has the following More Stack block:

— A custom block.

PicoBoard 積木

Main article: PicoBoard Blocks


PicoBoard blocks are used to control and sense data from the PicoBoard.

Scratch 2.0 has the 2 following PicoBoard Hat blocks:

Scratch 2.0 has the following PicoBoard Boolean block:

Scratch 2.0 has the following PicoBoard Reporter block:

LEGO WeDo 積木

Main article: LEGO WeDo Blocks

LEGO WeDo blocks are used to control the LEGO WeDo. They are accessed via the Add an Extension button.

Scratch 2.0 has the following five LEGO WeDo Stack blocks:

Scratch 2.0 has the following two LEGO WeDo Hat blocks:

Scratch 2.0 has the following two LEGO WeDo Reporter blocks:

Scratch 積木插入

Main article: Block Plugin


The Scratch Block Plugin allows blocks and scripts to be used in the Scratch Forums and Scratch Wiki, as well as other sites with the included JavaScript. They look like this: 

當 @greenflag 被點擊
定位到 x: (0) y: (0) //  center the sprite for the first stamp
蓋章
重複無限次 
  定位到 x: (隨機取數 (-240) 到 (240)) y: (0)
  蓋章
  等待 (0.2) 秒
  效果 [顏色 v] 改變 (隨機取數 (5) 到 (14))
end

The current version that includes all blocks from Scratch 2.0 was made by blob8108.

編輯積木顏色

Editing the block colors.
Main article: Edit Block Colors

In the online Scratch 2.0 editor, by shift-clicking the Edit menu an option called "Edit block colors" appears. By selecting this, a menu will appears with a few color sliders and tools for modifying the block colors of a specific block category. Personalized colors can be saved to one's computer, but loading the colors currently does not work properly.

在其他程式語言

Scratch is one of the original languages ever to use blocks, inspiring other languages to inherit the idea. Scratch modifications contain many new blocks typically that are not present in Scratch. MIT, at which Scratch is designed, has also created other languages using blocks such as the MIT App Inventor. Stencyl is a highly-professional language that features an entire block interface for programming real-time apps and online games. Scratch Jr also has blocks which are even more friendly for younger children to understand.

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Block Shapes
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